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Environmental Science Scout's Name: _____ Then, write a short report that adequately addresses your observations, including how the differences of the study areas might relate to the differences noted, and discuss this with your counselor.

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Environmental Science Assignment Guide and Key Points Chapter 5 'Biomes of the World' Lesson 1 'What Is a Biome' Turn to page122 look at the picture on that page read about it and the short introduction to Chapter 5 on page 162. On Page 163 analyze the Organize Your Thoughts diagram which shows how the chapter is organized.

Read the 'Goals for Learning section in the green box at the bottom of page 163. Visually Scan Pages 164-168; focus on the blue boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms. Visually Scan Pages 164-168 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions. Read Pages 164-168 (take notes of important ideas) Do you know the answers to the questions on page 168? (See below for help) Do you know the vocabulary words? (See below for help) Take the quiz on (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes.

NOT ON TESTS!) Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test.

Lesson 1 Key Points Vocabulary Terms Biome - a group of ecosystems with similar temperature and rainfall, or salinity and water depth Terrestrial - living or growing on land Aquatic - Living or growing in water. Latitude - the distance north or south of the equator, measured in degrees. Vegetation - the plant life found in an area. Altitude - the height above sea level Salinity - the amount of salt dissolved in seawater Salt water - water with high amounts of dissolved salt. Freshwater - water with very low amounts of dissolved salt. Section Review Answers.

biome. salinity.

aquatic. B. B. D.

Aquatic biomes are grouped by salinity and depth. Temperature gets colder as you climb a mountain. At the bottom are forests.

As you climb, there are shrubs, then mosses and lichens, and finally little or no vegetation at the top. Freshwater biomes contain salt, but in very small amounts. There are 0.5 parts per thousands salt or less in freshwater biomes as compared to 30 parts per thousand in oceans and other saltwater biomes. Sunlight decreases as you go deeper in water.

Near the top are plants and animals. At further depths, life consists of animals that feed off of dead plants and animals. Did you learn these Objectives? Can you compare and contrast terrestrial and aquatic biomes? Are you able to explain the effects of precipitation and temperature? Can you explain the effects of latitude and altitude? Can you describe how salinity and water depth affect aquatic biomes?

Investigation 5 'Salinity and Density' Optional, (must complete 3 this quarter) Gather the materials you need; plastic jars, salt, stir stick, spoon, 2 eggs. (Eggs are too fragile to ship but you should be able to do this one with your own materials.) Follow the procedure on pages 170-171. Complete the follow-up (The 2 questions will be the same as the two questions on P171) Lesson 2 'Rain Forest Biomes' Find the objectives for lesson 2 in the green box on page 172 and read them.

Visually Scan Pages 172-175; focus on the blue boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms. Visually Scan Pages 172-175 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions. Read Pages 172-175 (take notes of important ideas) Do you know the answers to the questions on page 176? (See below for help) Do you know the vocabulary words? (See below for help) Take the quiz on (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!) Review answers on the quiz and print it out.

This will be very useful when you are studying for the test. Lesson 2 Key Points Vocabulary Terms Tropical Rain Forest - a forest that grows in tropical regions and receives a large amount of rain. Temperate rain forest - a forest found in a temperate zone that receives large amounts of rain Canopy - the layer formed by the leaves and branches of the forest's tallest trees Emergent - a tree that grows taller than the canopy trees around it. Buttress - special root structures that support a tree and make it more stable. Understory - the forest layers beneath the canopy Forest floor - the layer of decomposing materials that covers the forest soil Deforestation - the removal of forest ecosystem for land development Log - to harvest trees Indigenous - native to a place Section Review Answers. equator.

soil. rain forest.

C. A. D.

Tropical rain forest soils are so infertile because most of the nutrients are stored in the plants. When a plant or animal dies, its nutrients are broken down and quickly, absorbed by the other plants. Some animals are adapted to the different layers of life in the rain forest in ways that allow them to blend in with their surroundings. These include insects that look like leaves or twigs, and animals like the sloth that have algae in their fur that turns them green, allowing them to blend into the forest. The two main reasons tropical rain forests are disappearing are that they have been cut that they have been logged to sell their wood.

Answers will vary. Tropical rain forests are important because they contain many species that scientists have yet to discover. They are also important to indigenous people because the rain forest provides them with a home and maintains their way of life.

Did you learn these Objectives? Can you describe the characteristics of rain forest biomes? Are you able to describe how rain forest organisms have adapted to survive? Lesson 3 'Deciduous and Coniferous Biomes' Find the objectives for lesson 3 in the green box on page 177-181 and read them. Visually Scan Pages 177-181; focus on the blue boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms. Visually Scan Pages 177-181 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions. Read Pages 177-181 (take notes of important ideas) Do you know the answers to the questions on page 182?

(See below for help) Do you know the vocabulary words? (See below for help) Take the quiz on (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!) Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test. Lesson 3 Key Points Vocabulary Terms Temperate deciduous forest - a deciduous forest that grows in temperate regions of the world. Deciduous tree - a tree that sheds its leaves at the end of the growing season. Hibernate - the pass the winter in a sleeplike condition Migrate - to move from one region, climate, or environment to another Dormant - inactive.

Humus - Decomposed plant and animal material that is part of fertile soil. Reptile - a scaly, egg-laying animal that breathes with lungs Amphibian - an animal that spends part of its life in water and part on land. Coniferous forest - a forest in northern latitudes dominated by conifers.

Taiga - another name for a coniferous forest Conifer - a cone-bearing tree that has needles instead of leaves and stays green all year. Evergreen - a tree that keeps its leaves or needles all year Acidic - Containing a higher level of acid Section Review Answers.

deciduous. coniferous. coniferous.

deciduous. B. D. Temperate deciduous forests have four seasons. The average yearly temperature is 10 degrees Celsius.

Coniferous forests have warm, long summer days, but winters can get very cold, especially during long nights, the average temperature is below freezing for six months of the year. Deciduous trees become dormant in the winter. They lose their leaves and use food stored in their roots the trunk.

Coniferous trees do not lose their leaves in winter. They remain active and keep their green needles yearlong. Forests are often cut down to use the trees for wood. Forests are also cut down to create room for buildings or roads. Did you learn these Objectives? Did you compare and contrast deciduous and coniferous forest biomes?

Can you describe how each biome got its name? Are you able to describe how species in each biome are adapted to the temperature and precipitation? Lesson 4 'Grassland Biomes' Find the objectives for lesson 4 in the green box on page 183-187 and read them. Visually Scan Pages 183-187; focus on the blue boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms.

Visually Scan Pages 183-187 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions. Read Pages 183-187 (take notes of important ideas) Do you know the answers to the questions on page 188? (See below for help) Do you know the vocabulary words?

(See below for help) Take the quiz on (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!) Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test. Lesson 4Key Points Vocabulary Terms grassland - a large, grassy biome with few shrubs or trees. Savanna - a tropical grassland with scattered trees or clumps of trees. Temperate grassland - a grassland biome found in temperate areas of the world; also called steppes, pampas, veldts, and prairies. Prairie - a temperate grassland with very fertile soil Topsoil - the top, fertile layer of soil Overgrazing - allowing animals to eat more vegetation than is healthy for the soil.

Chaparral - dry grasslands found in coastal areas Conserve - to save or preserve Section Review Answers. temperate grasslands. savannas. chaparral.

D. B. A. EG. Some animals wait to come out for food until evening when it is cooler. Prairies are in temperate areas of North America.

They are covered by grasses and have a few trees. There is not enough rain to support large plants such as trees. Farming and overgrazing remove plants from prairies.

Without the plants, the topsoil washes away. Did you learn these Objectives? Can you describe how grassland biomes are different from forest biomes? Are you able to describe the characteristics or savannas, temperate grasslands, and chaparral? Can you describe how species have adapted to life in grassland biomes? Discovery Investigation 5 'Grassland Erosion' Optional, (must complete 3 this quarter) Gather the materials you need; see page 189.

(These materials are not supplied in the kit. You can do this one but you need your own materials) Follow the procedure on page 189-190. Complete the follow-up, (The 2 questions will be the same as the 2 questions on P190) Lesson 5 'Tundra and Desert Biomes' Find the objectives for lesson 5 in the green box on page 191-195 and read them. Visually Scan Pages 191-195; focus on the blue boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms.

Environmental Science Final Study Guide

Visually Scan Pages 191-195 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions. Read Pages 191-195 (take notes of important ideas) Do you know the answers to the questions on page 196? (See below for help) Do you know the vocabulary words? (See below for help) Take the quiz on (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!) Review answers on the quiz and print it out.

This will be very useful when you are studying for the test. Lesson 5 Key Points Vocabulary Terms Tundra - a treeless plain that stays frozen most of the year and receives very little precipitation. Arctic tundra - tundra located north of the Arctic Circle Alpine tundra - Tundra located above the tree line of high mountains. Permafrost - Permanently frozen ground at high latitude and high elevation. Bog - an area of wet, spongy ground full of decomposing plant matter Extract - to take out or harvest Desert - an area with a high rate of evaporation that receives very little precipitation; can be hot or cold. Hot desert - a desert where temperatures are hot all year Cold desert - a desert where temperature can drop below 0 degrees Celsius. Section Review Answers.

permafrost. desert. tundra. A. C. D.

EG. Desert plants may have seeds that will not grow until water is present.

Plants may have small leaves and stems with waxy coverings to keep water from evaporating. Some plants can store large amounts of water in stems or roots. The increase in people and construction can harm plants and animals. Oil spills can damages wildlife habitat, and pipelines affect the migration of some animals. Hot deserts and cold deserts are both very dry. However, they each experience different ranges of temperature throughout the year. Precipitation in cold deserts may include snow.

Animals avoid the harsh tundra environment by hibernating, migrating, raising their young quickly during the summers, or by developing extra fat or fur for more protection. Did you learn these Objectives? Are you able to compare and contrast desert and tundra biomes? Can you describe tundra plants and animals and their adaptations? Are you able to describe desert plants and animals and their adaptations? Can you describe threats to desert and tundra biomes? Lesson 6 'Marine Biomes' Find the objectives for lesson 6 in the green box on page 197-201 and read them.

Visually Scan Pages 197-201; focus on the blue boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms. Visually Scan Pages 197-201 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions. Read Pages 197-201 (take notes of important ideas) Do you know the answers to the questions on page 201? (See below for help) Do you know the vocabulary words? (See below for help) Take the quiz on (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes. NOT ON TESTS!) Review answers on the quiz and print it out.

This will be very useful when you are studying for the test. Lesson 6 Key Points Vocabulary Terms Marine biome - an ocean or other saltwater ecosystem Vertical zone - an ocean zone classified by water depth Horizontal zone - an ocean zone classified by the distance from shore Photic zone - the top zone of ocean life, which gets sunlight all year. Neritic zone - The zone of ocean life, which gets sunlight all year.

Intertidal zone - the zone between the high and low tide marks. Phytoplankton - a microscopic plant that forms the base of the marine food chain Zooplankton - microscopic animals that float freely in the water Krill - Tiny, shrimp like animals that provide food for marine creatures. Disphotic zone - the middle zone of ocean life, which gets little or no light. Oceanic zone - the open oceans. Aphotic zone - the bottom zone of ocean life, where there is no light.

Detritus - dead, decaying plant and animal material Abyss - the deepest ocean zone Coral reef - a marine ecosystem formed from the skeletons of corals Colony - a group of the same kind of organisms growing and living together. Barrier reef - a long coral reef that acts as a barrier against tides and winds. Coastal wetland - a wetland washed by tides, always under salt water or under a mix of freshwater and salt water Wetland - a low area that is saturated with water. Saturated - unable to hold more liquid. Estuary - a marine ecosystem where freshwater and salt water meet Salt marsh - a marsh periodically flooded by marine water. Mangrove swamp - a saltwater swamp dominated by mangrove trees. Nursery - a place where marine organisms hatch and grow.

Section Review Answers. salt water. freshwater. coastal wetlands, coral reefs. C. A.

A. The algae and other ocean plants release oxygen as part of photosynthesis. Colonies of coral polyps create skeletons from calcium carbonate. These skeletons build up over thousands of years to create reefs.

The desphotoc zone is dark and cold and the water pressure is very high. Only special ocean life such as sea cucumbers, sea spiders, sponges, and glowing fish are fund there. Wildlife found in estuaries are often harmed by the sewage, pollution, and sediment that are dumped into them by humans.

Did you learn these Objectives? Can you define the vertical and horizontal zones in the ocean? Are you able to explain why coral reefs are important habitats? Can you describe three types of coastal wetlands? Lesson 7 'Freshwater Biomes' Find the objectives for lesson 7 in the green box on page 203-207 and read them. Visually Scan Pages 203-207; focus on the blue boxes, which contain the key vocabulary terms. Visually Scan Pages 203-207 for pictures and diagrams, read each of the captions.

Read Pages 203-207 (take notes of important ideas) Do you know the answers to the questions on page 207? (See below for help) Do you know the vocabulary words? (See below for help) Take the quiz on (You may use the book, notes and Key Points for help on the quizzes.

NOT ON TESTS!) Review answers on the quiz and print it out. This will be very useful when you are studying for the test. Lesson 6 Key Points Vocabulary Terms Finite - having an end, limited Standing-water ecosystem - a body of freshwater surrounded by land that does not have flowing water. Flowing-water ecosystem - a freshwater ecosystem that has flowing water, such as a river or stream.

Lake - an inland body of freshwater, larger than a pond and too deep for plans to grow on the bottom Pod - an inland body of freshwater smaller than a lake and shallow enough for plants to grow on the bottom Seasonal - existing only at certain times during the year. Headwater - the upper part of a river or stream, near its source Channel - the bed of a river or stream that directs flowing water.

Environmental Science Study Guide Answers

Mouth - the place where a stream or river enters another, larger body of water. Generate - to create by physical process Waterlogged - saturated with water Section Review Answers. F. D. E.

C. B. A. Rivers and streams face problems caused by pollution and dams. Both harm wildlife and changes the quality of the water. Lakes and ponds are both freshwater ecosystems. Ponds are smaller and shallower.

Light can usually reach the bottom of a pond, allowing plants to grow throughout Ponds usually freeze all the way down to the bottom in a cold winter. Lakes, on the other hand, do not freeze all the way to the bottom because of their depth. They also do not have plants growing on the bottom. In lakes, plants grow in the shallow areas near land. Most of Earth's water is salt water.

Only 3 percent is freshwater. Most of that water is frozen in ice caps, leaving only about 1 percent as usable. Freshwater and saltwater wetlands both have waterlogged soil or a shallow layer of water covering them.

They both contain organisms that have adapted to wet conditions. Saltwater wetlands are we because the tides wash them, while freshwater wetlands are wet because they are in a low area on land, or near a spring. Both wetlands support a number of plants and animals, while saltwater wetlands support more animals that are important to fishing and other industries.

Both wetlands provide ecosystem services, such as flood prevention, water filtration, and living space. Did you learn these Objectives? Can you explain the importance of freshwater biomes? Are you able to describe the two categories of freshwater biomes?

Can you compare and contrast ponds and lakes? Are you able to describe two examples of freshwater wetlands? Preparing for Chapter 5Test Turn to Page 209 and read about Environmental issues in the world (Protecting Earth's Rain Forests). Do you know the answers to the three questions at the end of the reading? (If not click here) Turn to Page 210 and read the Chapter 4 summary.

On pages 211-213 you will find the Chapter 4 review, complete the review. Check your answers with those in the Take the Review the answers then print the results for your records. Environmental issues answers. Rain forests take up carbon dioxide and give off oxygen.

They contain many plants that may be sources of medicine. People who live near rain forests are often very poor. The must have a way to make living that does not involve destroying the rain forest. People from outside the country often have greater resources to help in preservation efforts.

Chapter 4 Review Answers. estuary. savanna. terrestrial.

humus. desert. canopy. deforestation. taiga. tundra. marine biome.

prairie. deciduous forest. biomes. salinity. understory.

chaparral. aquatic. D. A. C. B.

D. At the headwaters, water is moving the fastest. At this pint the oxygen level is high, the temperature is low, and organisms are limited to plants and animals that will not be swept away. As it moves toward the mouth, the water slows down, loses oxygen, and warms up. There is a larger variety of life nearer the mouth.

Studying biomes gives us information about how organisms survive in different habitats. It also provides information on how biomes affect each other Learning more about these interactions helps protect biomes and resources. Tropical rain forest are located near the equator. This means they get more sunlight and rain. Extra sunlight and train mean that palms thrive in the rain forests.

Skills Worksheet Study Guide Environmental Science Answers

Since plants are abundant, large amounts of animals can live there, too. Congratulations you finished the fifth chapter!!